Showing posts with label free. Show all posts
Showing posts with label free. Show all posts

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Cool Magnifying App


Hey guys, check out this cool app, which let's you magnify various objects to compare them with atoms or even the universe itself. Enjoy!



The Universe made possible by Number Sleuth





Wednesday, July 27, 2011

Full Interview with Richard Feynman


Here we have another amazing video from Horizon series. It's a full interview with the famous Nobel laureate Richard Feynman. Feynman talks about his youth, inspiration and how he really sees the world around us. Furthermore, it contains some amazing facts from his life. Enjoy!


Thanks once again to SevenSevenSevenka for uploading the full video.

Thanks for reading and watching. If you like my stuff please subscribe, comment and follow. Cheers

Monday, July 25, 2011

String Theory Explained...In Human Language


So here we have another another great documentary from the BBC Horizon team. It's about none other but the mysterious string theory. String theory, like quantum mechanics, is one of those fields of physics that are surrounded by mystery. Who are these strings? Are they real? What are branes? Are there more than 4 dimensions in our universe? These questions are usually asked by those interested in string theory. However, it can sometimes be hard to find a reliable answer.

This great documentary will try to tackle these questions and will answer them for you in a human language. Enjoy!

Thanks fro SevenSevenSevenaka for uploading this

Thanks for checking this out. Subscribe and follow for more. Cheers

Also you might be interested in:


Tuesday, July 19, 2011

Free Quantum Mechanics Lectures from Yale University


Quantum mechanics is one of those tricky subjects, which are hard to learn from books alone. It's one of those branches of physics that are best understood when explained by an experienced lecturer. That's why I present you this mini series of lectures by professor Ramamurti Shankar from Yale university.

There 7 lectures in total, which cover most of the main topics of QM starting with double slit experiment and De Broglie wavelength and ending with various postulates of QM.

The lecturer is really good, as he explains all the concepts in an easy to understand way and always keep asking students if they're following. In addition, he always tries to give practical examples of physics concepts, which is great.

Here's the first lecture. The link to other lectures is below the video.


Links to other lectures: Link 1
                                  Link 2

You might be interested in:

Saturday, July 16, 2011

Einstein's Unfinished Symphony


When it comes to physics, the first person that comes to our heads is Albert Einstein. The famous picture of this colossal figure of science taken in 1951 shows the charismatic and humorous side of the genius. In a sense, this picture captures the whole essence of Einstein as a scientists - a brave risk taker and a rebel among the genii of physics.

Source

Everybody these days knows about the successful theories of Einstein. However, not many people know about the most important and definitely the hardest theory that Einstein never finished - the theory of everything. This grand theory would be the greatest achievement of theoretical physics, as it would combine all the known laws of physics, explain all the forces and behaviour of particles and large objects such as planets, galaxies and the universe itself.

So let's check out this great documentary, that tells a story of Einstein's unfinished theory of everything. It contains great actors as well as interesting biographical facts. Enjoy.



Thanks for QuantumLeep365 for uploading the full documentary




Thanks for watching. If you like my stuff feel free to subscribe and comment. Cheers!

Thursday, June 23, 2011

So You Want to Study Physics?


What sorts of things get physicists (or wannabe physicists, like the teacher of this class) excited? Is it the dream of building grand intellectual edifices capable of describing the Universe with amazing accuracy and elegance? Or, perhaps, discovering something so unexpected that it totally blows your mind? Maybe it's simply the act of doing physics! Whatever the case, there are certainly many things in physics to get excited about, and this great video explores them.




You might be interested in:


Tuesday, June 14, 2011

Einstein's Century 1905 - 2005


Here I have a nice video lecture dedicated to the century since the great discoveries of Albert Einstein. It's mostly about Einstein's biographical facts, and his greatest discoveries - General and Special theories of relativity. It contains a lot of interesting and not known to the wide community facts from a variety of sources including Einstein's memoirs.

The video quality is not perfect, but the audio is good. So feel free to enjoy, and if you want to download this video you can find it here.





You might be interested in:


Sunday, June 12, 2011

How to Learn Calculus The Simple Way


So I guess it's safe to say that calculus is one of those topics, which are for some reason really hard to grasp for most of the students in high school and later in college. Maybe, it's because calculus is really a unique branch of mathematics, that is, it's different from most of the mathematics that we are taught in high school (most of which was developed by ancient Greeks, of course with some slight improvements by later mathematicians). After all, it was developed by greatly gifted mathematician and scientist Isaac Newton (and Leibniz too).

I myself remember having some problems with calculus. It's not that I didn't grasp the mathematics, it was just most of the time I didn't have the feeling what I was calculating, or what's the sense of derivatives, integrals and so on. And what really helped me, when I was revising before going to college, was some great books and video lectures.

Firstly, I really enjoyed these simple YouTube lectures by Prof. R.Delaware. I like this guy because he really doesn't presuppose that you have some past knowledge about calculus (except of course some basic mathematics from high school), he simply explains everything as it was being explained for the first time.

These lectures cover all the basic high school calculus and some of the basic college calculus. Basically the two main parts are differentiation and integration.

So here's the first lecture:
And you can find all the other lectures on calculus and other topics HERE.

If you're looking for a book specifically that would help you with calculus I highly recommend Calculus for Dummies. It's a very basic and fun to read book, which will give you all the required knowledge of high school and some college calculus. Also it contains very nice diagrams, which give you a great visualisation of calculus concepts. Also it contains some neat tricks how to do calculus problems.



Thanks for reading! If you enjoy my blog feel free to subscribe and comment. Cheers!



Sunday, April 3, 2011

Basics of Quantum Mechanics Lesson 4


So last time we calculated the wave function of a free moving particle and got the following answer:

SE for a free moving particle:
Solution for this equation:  

So what do these equations tell us about the free moving particle? To find the answer to this question we need to find the probability density function. If you recall, the probability density function is basically just the square of an absolute value of the wave function. So by calculating the probability density function we would get:


|Psi |^2 = Psi x complex conjugate of Psi =
= A(cos(kx − wt) + i sin(kx − wt))A(cos(kx − wt) − i sin(kx − wt))
= A^2(cos2(kx − wt) + sin2(kx − wt))
= A^2


Now if you look at the result more carefully, you should realise that there's some strange stuff going on. The probability density function is constant, that means that the probability of finding a the particle in any point of space is equal. In more simple words, you have the same probability of finding the free moving particle in your room and somewhere in the other side of the universe. This is due to the fact that we have not taken into account the uncertainty of the momentum of a particle.



So you might be asking  - why are we studying free moving particles, while in reality most of the matter is situated in confined atoms and molecules. And you're definitely right, so let's look at another system, which might help us understand the behaviour of electrons, which are "trapped" in an orbit of an atom.


The easiest way of understanding simple atoms or similar systems is using a thing called infinite potential well. That is a system in which a particle is trapped between infinite potential "walls", which can be for instance be various electric of magnetic fields or anything similar, which confines the particle in a given space. After all, in a sense electrons orbiting a nucleus are also in a similar potential well - if they get too close to the nucleus, they are pushed back, if the get too far they are attracted back. 


Infinite potential well:
























So how does particle behave in such a well? Well let's firstly imagine what would happen in a classical situation, let's say for a tennis ball trapped between two walls. It's clear that (neglecting gravity, which would eventually bring the ball down) any position between the walls has the same probability of finding the ball there.

However, in quantum mechanics, things are different. We already know that particles tend to behave as probability waves, so it's clear that the probability of finding the particle in any point of space will not be equal( a good analogy of a wave in a sort of potential well is a rope fixed at two places and oscillating).


So how can we find out at which points of space we are most likely to find the particle? By solving the Schrodinger equation of course.

And since this is a basic course we're not gonna bother ourselves with the process of solving the SE. We're just gonna skip right to the solution which is:

Wave function for a particle confined in a infinite potential well: Psi(x) = Asin kx

Now to calculate the probability density function, we need to apply the initial conditions of the system - as we know the particle can't be in points of space, which are beyond the boundaries.

In an infinite potential well the boundary conditions imply:
 Psi (0) = Psi  (L) = 0.
Resulting in the limitation that k must have one of the discrete set of values
kn = (pi . n)/L , where
n = 1, 2, 3 . . .



Now when we know k, we can find allowed energies.
Using  E= (p^2)/m and De Broglies wavelength p= h/ lambda = hk/ 2pi gives the following:

En = (h^2 . n^2)/(8mL^2)
 n = 1, 2, 3 . . .



The allowed energies for the trapped particle are quantised according to the value of
n which is known as a quantum number.


Note that we can calculate the quantum number using simple calculations, which we'll look at later. It's important to notice that for macroscopic objects n is very larger, which gives rise to the so called correspondence principle - the idea that if n is very large (which is definately the case for macroscopic objects), quantum mechanics prediction become similar to classical physics prediction.

And we can see this by finding the probability function of the infinite potential well, and graphing it with different values of n:


As we can see as n grows, the wavelenght of the wave in the graph becomes shorter. In n was very very big, it would look as every point in the confined space has the same probability (like in the classical physics case).


So that's all for now, thanks for reading!


LINK to lesson 3
LINK to lesson 2
LINK to lesson 1

Tuesday, March 29, 2011

An Amazing Lecture By Sir Roger Penrose


Recently I had an amazing opportunity to attend a lecture by the Sir Roger Penrose himself. Roger Penrose is a great mathematician and mathematical physicist working in a variety of fields of physics and mathematics. He is also a very famous author of books such as The Road to Reality, and The Cycles of Time.

His lecture was about trying to answer the question "Can We See Through The Big Bang to Another Universe?". In other words, the lecture was about one of the theories of Roger Penrose, regarding the history and the fate of the universe, the so called cyclic model of aeons.

In conclusion, it was a great lecture. I have to be honest I didn't understand some of the parts, however some really unique and fascinating ideas were presented, which I really liked. And it is needless to say that the feeling of attending a lecture with the top notch physicists and mathematicians was really amazing.

But these aren't the only good news. I happen to found another recording on Sir Roger Penrose lecture about the same topic. I listen through it and it's the same lecture. So here it is and I hope you enjoy it.


Thanks for reading!

Sunday, March 6, 2011

What is Reality ??


Hey, I found this great BBC documentary called "What is Reality?". It's about the various theories and experiments of physics which could help to answer this question. It involves a lot of great stuff about quantum mechanics (for example the famous double-slit experiment), particle physics and some cosmology.

I really like that it illustrated the whole bizarre side of quantum mechanics and the way it changes our understanding of reality. So check this out here or on YouTube. Thanks for reading!







PS. do any of you guys know how to write eqautions in Blogger? I would appreciate if you'd share this knowledge ;]

Sunday, February 20, 2011

Basics of Quantum Mechanics Lesson 1


So I've been learning quantum mechanics for some time now and I can say that it's a charming subject. It's hard to find another part of physics which makes you panic and adore it at the same time. So that's why I decided to create these simple lessons of the basics of quantum mechanics.

I tried to study quantum mechanics by myself a couple of times in the past and what I found out was that it is really hard to find good lessons, lectures or books about the basics online. I mean you can easily find good e-books about the whole philosophical part of quantum mechanics, which explain the basic principles, but hardly give you the real taste of the subject with whole the maths part of it. On the other hand, you can find a lot of hardcore stuff, like lectures and videos which require you to know the subject at a very high level. So as you can see it's really hard to come up with some real basic quantum mechanics with all the appropriate maths for a beginner. So I decided to make these basic lessons that give you all the basic stuff you need.

So firstly let's look at some basic information about quantum mechanics: Quantum mechanics, also known as quantum physics or quantum theory, is a branch of physics providing a mathematical description of much of the dual particle-like and wave-like behavior and interactions of energy and matter. It departs from classical mechanics primarily at the atomic and subatomic scales, the so-called quantum realm. In advanced topics of quantum mechanics, some of these behaviors are macroscopic and only emerge at very low or very high energies or temperatures. The name, coined by Max Planck, derives from the observation that some physical quantities can be changed only by discrete amounts, or quanta, as multiples of the Planck constant, rather than being capable of varying continuously or by any arbitrary amount. For example, the angular momentum, or more generally the action, of an electron bound into an atom or molecule is quantized. While an unbound electron does not exhibit quantized energy levels, an electron bound in an atomic orbital has quantized values of angular momentum. In the context of quantum mechanics, the wave–particle duality of energy and matter and the uncertainty principle provide a unified view of the behavior of photons, electrons and other atomic-scale objects.


So let's start easily. At the heart of quantum mechanics there is the famous Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This principle appears in all parts of quantum mechanics so it's important to know it by heart and get it out of the way early.

Heisenberg uncertainty principle:      

  


 So what does this mean? It means that the product of the uncertainty in position of a particle and momentum must always be higher than some constant quantity, which is h bar/2, where h bar= h/2pi (Planck constant). This means, that if you try to detect a particle you can only do it with a certain precision. For instance, if you detect it's position with a very small uncertainty then you will have a very big uncertainty in momentum of the particle. 

Now this is very strange, because we are so used to the "fact" that we know the position of anything very accurately. And now suddenly we realise that when it comes to microscopic world, we can't even find the exact position of the particle. But this is just the beginning of the whole strangeness of the quantum world.

But why can't we detect particles position or moment with a big precision? Well it's mostly because of the way we detect particles. Long story short, we detect a particle by shooting a photon at it (a particle of light). However, a photon also has some momentum and as strange as it sounds you can simply "knock" a particle away with a photon. Also, if you want to find out the position of a particle with a high precision, you must use a high frequency light wave (a high energy photon, where the energy of a photon E is given by E=hf, where h- Planck constant and f- frequency) which naturally has a bigger momentum, which causes a particle to be knocked away at a high velocity. This is exactly what causes the uncertainty in the momentum.


Now if this looks strange to you then don't worry. I mean the whole world was in shock when quantum mechanics was established. One of the most shocking things was the collapse of the Newtonian determinism. This is an idea that if you know enough information about a particle, you can calculate it's position and velocity in the future, that is if you have enough information you can tell the future. You can imagine how shocked the world of science was when after a couple of hundread years suddenly they realised that you can't actually tell the particle's position and momentum with an exact precision (thus you can't tell the future of a particle with an exact precision). Long story short, the world went upside down in the beginning of the XX century - particles became wave - particle probability waves, nothing was certain anymore, electrons decided to show up at two different places at one time, other particles started to travel back in time and so on. Whole hell broke through in the world of science back in those days.  All of these crazy things brought to the world of science by the quantum mechanics can really cause headaches, but hey don't worry, it can be explained in a very elegant way. But we'll look at it next time.Thanks for reading!

PS. I'm not an expert of quantum mechanics, so if you notice any mistakes feel free to tell me. Thanks!




Saturday, February 12, 2011

Watch Science Programs at BBC iPlayer Live


So once again I found another great way to watch your favourite documentaries about science and all that interesting stuff. Yeah of curse you can watch them on youtube, but there's another great website where you can find high quality science videos. Also you can watch them live.

The website is called BBC iPlayer and it contains a variety of programs as well as live BBC 1 - 4 channels. So you can basically find everything on this website starting with your favourite TV show ending with amazing Horizon documentaries.

So thanks for reading and I hope this will be useful to you.

BBC iPlayer

Saturday, January 29, 2011

I Introduce You The Great "Ted Talks"


So lately I've been watching a lot of Ted Talks on YouTube and boy are they good. The idea behind this is that various experts from a variety of fields discuss important issues, science, psychology, management and other important stuff.

Basically it's a series of lectures, which are presented by professionals, who really know how to catch your attention. Among them there are some great science lectures, starting with astronomy ending with particle physics. So enough of this rambling, check out their YouTube channel here:

Ted Talks

Saturday, January 22, 2011

So You Want to Learn Physics?


So you want to learn physics? Good choice! But can you really learn it if you're bad at maths or too old for for college? The answer is yes.

For more than 3 years I've been studying various subjects of physics on my free time and I found many good books and free lectures. The hardest part about self-studying is finding suitable books and lectures. Most of the time you just simply find books that are too hard or too easy, thus it's important to know good authors and lecturers.

So a couple of months ago I stumbled upon a great video lecture of physics from Yale university. Basically it's a part of a project in which universities from all around the world share video lectures with people on the web. This is a general course on physics - it contains a variety of subjects, such as mechanics, special relativity, waves and other classical stuff. For most of the part, maths is fairly straightforward (as much as maths for physics can get).

So here's the link with the free lectures (there is a variety of other free lectures on this website covering astronomy, economics, chemistry and so on):

Free Yale Courses

Just for a taste - first lecture:



PS. if you find maths during the video lectures overwhelming you can always check out some great books on maths from the For Dummies series. You can find them here:

Maths for Dummies

Thanks for reading!




Friday, January 21, 2011

The Science of Ghost Hunting


In my earlier posts I wrote about the Psychical Research Society, a society, which uses science to explain paranormal phenomena. Sounds interesting doesn't it?


Well today you're up for a special treat. I found a volume of Journal of PSI (PSI Journal of Investigative Psychical Research). This journal contains some interesting articles about the future of paranormal investigating, dealing with poltergeists, ghosts caught on camera and so on. Plus, it contains some great book reviews. So without spoiling it any further I present you this link:

PSI Journal

Thanks for reading folks!

 
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